Why Do We Study Blood and What Information Does It Provide?

Blood is one of the key biological fluids in the human body, reflecting its physiological state. It continuously circulates, delivering oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and immune factors to all tissues and organs. Blood analysis enables medical professionals not only to diagnose a wide range of conditions but also to assess overall health, predict disease progression, and monitor treatment effectiveness. Modern blood testing methods are built on decades of scientific research and are continually refined with technological advancements.

The Biological Role of Blood
Blood performs several vital functions:

• Transport: It carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues, carbon dioxide in the reverse direction, and delivers nutrients and metabolic waste products.
• Regulatory: It maintains acid-base balance, fluid homeostasis, and stable body temperature.
• Immune: It protects the body from infections and foreign agents through leukocytes and antibodies.
• Homeostatic: It regulates blood clotting processes, preventing both excessive bleeding and excessive thrombus formation.

What Blood Parameters Are Studied and What Do They Indicate?
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The CBC is a fundamental and widely used diagnostic tool that evaluates the following parameters:

• Hemoglobin (Hb): A protein in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport. Low levels may indicate anemia, while elevated levels can suggest dehydration, chronic hypoxia, or hematologic disorders.
• Red Blood Cells (RBC): Cells that facilitate oxygen exchange. A deficiency is typical of anemia, while an excess may be linked to polycythemia or respiratory conditions.
• White Blood Cells (WBC): Immune system cells. Elevated counts may signal infection, inflammation, or malignancies, while reduced levels can indicate immunosuppression or viral infections.
• Platelets (PLT): Responsible for blood clotting. Low levels increase bleeding risk, while high levels may suggest a predisposition to thrombosis or chronic inflammation.

Biochemical Blood Analysis
This method assesses metabolic processes and organ function:

• Glucose: Reflects carbohydrate metabolism. Elevated levels may indicate diabetes or prediabetes.
• Creatinine and Urea: Markers of kidney function. Increased levels suggest impaired filtration capacity.
• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): Enzymes reflecting liver health and, in some cases, cardiac function.
• Lipid Profile (Cholesterol, Triglycerides): Used to assess the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications.

Hormonal Studies
Hormone analysis identifies endocrine disorders:

• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Regulates thyroid function. Deviations from the norm may indicate hypo- or hyperthyroidism.
• Cortisol: Reflects the body’s stress response and adrenal function. Imbalances are linked to chronic conditions.
• Insulin: A key regulator of glucose uptake. Abnormalities suggest metabolic disruptions.

Immunological and Genetic Tests
Blood analysis can detect antibodies to infections (e.g., HIV, hepatitis, SARS-CoV-2) and perform genetic testing to diagnose hereditary conditions or assess predisposition to diseases such as cancer or thrombophilia.

Blood Analysis as a Preventive Tool
Regular blood testing helps identify hidden abnormalities at preclinical stages. For instance, elevated C-reactive protein levels signal systemic inflammation, while lipid profile changes indicate a risk of heart attack or stroke. Blood analysis is also essential for monitoring chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or autoimmune diseases.
Blood testing is a highly informative diagnostic tool that provides physicians with objective data about the body’s condition. It not only detects diseases but also optimizes treatment, prevents complications, and improves patient outcomes. Looking ahead, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into blood analysis will unlock new possibilities for ultra-early diagnosis and personalized medicine, significantly enhancing quality of life and promoting healthy longevity.


Author: Olga Miller,
Published: March 17, 2025
Prepared by Aimamed experts, leaders in innovative diagnostics.
Note: This material is intended for healthcare professionals. Consult a physician for result interpretation.